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Crop Research

Sunflowers

Since the introduction of the first hybrid varieties in France in the late 1960s, sunflower has become a viable crop in Europe and is now being grown in the UK (approx 500 ha).  Varieties are available that are suited to the UK climate, having a short growing season and being early to harvest. Markets tend to be local with all the UK crop being used in bird food production.

Sunflower, as a spring break crop, will produce very competitive gross margins.  Input costs are low and a valuable and high quality oil is produced from the seed.  Problems associated with establishing other spring sown crops in dry years do not apply to sunflower and, although late harvested, the establishment of winter wheat afterwards presents few major difficulties. 

The United Kingdom Sunflower Association (UKSA) was formed in 1993 from a likeminded group of sunflower enthusiasts. It provided an up to date source of information through a growers guide and information sheets. Through members subscriptions a variety evaluation trial was funded each year and each member received newsletters and telephone with experienced growers. The UKSA closed in 2007.

The crop

Sunflower is an annual plant with a simple taproot and typically an unbranched stem.  The lower leaves are borne in pairs and the upper ones singly.  The crop is drilled in late April or early May; it grows to a height of 2.0m and flowers during July and August.  The stem is usually unbranched, the lower leaves are opposite and the upper ones alternate on the stem, there is usually one flower.  Flower colour can range from pale yellow through to red but agricultural crops are usually yellow.  The crop is harvested in September or October and the seed is black or striped. 

A summary of sunflower cultivation

Sunflower growers guide 2009   (3384kb) 

Sunflower key growth stages

Frequently asked questions

Sunflowers and climate change   (1640kb) 

Contacts and links to associated websites