Understanding the quality and condition of grain is crucial. Accurate sampling at each stage of the grain chain is required to develop that understanding. It should help to reduce waste and minimise charges, claims and rejections. This guide brings together the key requirements for effective grain sampling for everyone involved, from growing to purchasing. It seeks to minimise duplication of effort, maximising efficiency. In this guide, sampling refers to the collection of physical grain and also sampling for moisture, temperature, pests and moulds.